Monday, July 21, 2008

INDIAN TEMPLES

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The Ultimate Source of Information on Indian TemplesIndian Temple Architecture
Indian Temple Styles: The North Indian temples (Nagara) differ widely from their South Indian counterparts (Dravidian). In this article, Cincinnati based art historian Tony Batchelor provides an overview of the various temple architectural styles in India.
A gallery of South Indian temple vimanams: A vimanam is the tower that crowns the innermost sanctum of a South Indian temple (Dravidian style of architecture). This photographic feature displays vimanams from some of the important temples of South India.
Imperial Chola Monuments I : The Brihadeeswara temple in Thanjavur in Tamilnadu (11th century CE) is a collossal structure with a towering vimanam, and is considered to be a masterpiece of Chola architecture.
Imperial Chola Monuments II: The Darasuram temple described as a sculptor's dream lived in stone, is built in the form of a chariot and is a grand specimen of Chola architecture, as are the Gangaikonda Choleeswaram and the Tribhuvanam temples.
Hoysala Architecture: The Hoysala temples of the earlier part of the 2nd millennium CE, display a unique architectural style, distinct from the Dravidian style that prevailed during this period in the neighboring state of Tamilnadu. Art historian Gerard Foekema describes the Chennakesava temple at Belur, a grand specimen of Hoysala art.
The Nagara Style: This is the prevalent style of temple architecture in North India. The well developed temples of Khajuraho, and the majestic temples of Orissa, all fall under this classification.
Kerala Temple Architecture: What is it that sets the temples of Kerala apart from those elsewhere in the Indian subcontinent? Study Keralite temple architecture..
Kerala Temple History: Experience the old world charm of Kerala temples. Study the origin and evolution of the Keralite temple architecture.
About the Temples of Karnataka: The Chalukyas, the Gangas, the Hoysalas, the Vijayanagar rulers and others contributed to diverse temple styles seen in Karnataka.
About the Temples of Andhra Pradesh The history of Andhra Desa provides an insight into the various temple architecture styles seen in the state.
Orissa Temple History and Architecture: Orissa is a treasure trove of ancient monuments. Browse through their history and the elements of Orissa temple architecture.
Tamilnadu Temple History and Architecture: The Pallavas, Cholas, Pandyas, Vijayanagar rulers and the Nayakas have made immense contributions to temple art in Tamilnadu.
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RIVERS IN INDIA

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INDIAN GODS

Know about Indian Gods
ARYAN GODS
BRAHMA
VISHNU
SHIVA
RAMA
KRISHNA
GANESHA
KARTIK
HANUMAN
Know about Indian Goddesses
DURGA
LAKSHMI
SARASWATI
PARVATI


The distant echoes of aboriginal devotion and the clamorous street worship of today, assert the idea of a god who has always lived in the mind of India. The early Hindus accepted the religions and rituals of the original inhabitants of India.
Primitive spirits, godlings and animal totems of the tribal people of India, and the early Aryans worship of the elements were gathered into the fold of Hinduism.
Initially revealed in the primal spiritual symbol ‘Om’, god appeared as an infinite pantheon of deities. The notion of god grew from a divine abstract into infinite manifestations.
Each idol, avatar, and incarnation reflecting a divine aspect of god. Gods are heavenly beings who can descend to earth as avatars and limitless incarnations. As deities for every village and idols for individual families, each great god answers to a thousand names.
Collectively this pantheon portrays the Hindu conception of the supreme being expressed as ‘Om'. This mystic syllable encompasses all that is sacred in Hinduism. The thread of eternity, 'Om' carries reverberations of Hindu metaphysical thought and spiritual energy.
‘Om’ is an evocation of the universal soul - The Brahman. The Upanishads (Hindu philosophical texts composed between 600 to 200 BC), explain the universe as creation of the ‘Brahman’. Every form of life is a revelation of the ‘Brahman’.
Creator of life, the Brahman is our sole cosmic inspiration to which we return once our individual life ceases. The Brahman was known as ‘Nirguna’, without form, neither male nor female.
Sages mediated on Om and sensed the presence of the Brahman in the world around them. Ordinary people wanting to express themselves to the creator were lost, the Brahman was abstract and intangible. They needed a semblance of ‘The Brahman’ to whom they could offer their prayers
Gradually the formless ‘Nirguna Brahman’ evolved into ‘Saguna Brahman’(the Great God). The transformation bestowed a gender, ‘The Brahman’ appeared as a male trinity, a three faced God called ‘Trimurti’.
The Trimurti has a human form, one body with three heads that express the cycle of life. Trimurti epitomises birth, life and death. As Brahma he takes over the creation of the Universe. Vishnu maintains dharma (righteousness) and order. Shiva holds the power to destroy - Mahayogi (The great meditative ascetic) also the God of fertility and sexuality.
Even the Trimurti evolved as each of the gods found celestial consorts (goddesses in their own right).
Brahma’s consort is Saraswati, the goddess of learning. Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth appeared from the ocean and married Vishnu. Parvati danced before Shiva and broke his meditation, an entranced Shiva married Parvati and their children Kartikeya and Ganesha joined the heavenly family.
Gradually god grew from a primordial ‘Om’ into a infinite pantheon of gods, worshipped devoutly by infinite believers.

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Indian Jobs

Indian Jobs
Get the latest news on the Indian Job Market !
Honey - Is my data secure?December 28th, 2007
I heard that in one Famous BPO Company in chennai , One staff who performed exceedingly well was fired., The reason given was, he uploaded some files to some file hosting service providing website.,
BPO Companies mostly have strict regulations when it comes to data security., But security should be stopping the employees even before they try to share the documents.,
How will it be achieved?
Tags: , , Posted in Tech Companies No Comments »
Senior Management JobsDecember 20th, 2007
I recently read articles on blogs and media sites about MNC Companies not considering resumes forwarded to them by Active Job Seekers for Senior Management Positions.,
This should be the most funniest corporate decisions taken by MNC Companies.They think that , if a person is fit for a senior position in the company, then they need not look out for a job.Then the same policy should be extended to the junk products that they manufacture., Why do these companies hire super stars to endorse their products? , if a product is good, customers wil surely find and buy them, then why do they appoint super stars to endorse their products?
Posted in Employment Articles No Comments »
Salary For Freshers in India!December 13th, 2007
Pay Scale For Freshers in India
*Company* *Salary in LPA*
Freshers Salary In Accenture 2.1Freshers Salary In Adobe *5.7*Freshers Salary In Amazon 7.5Freshers Salary In Attrenta 4.8Freshers Salary In Caritor 2Freshers Salary In CISCO 4Freshers Salary In Computer Associates 4.5Freshers Salary In CTS 2.1Freshers Salary In DE Shaw 6Freshers Salary In Deloitte 7Freshers Salary In Fiorano 5Freshers Salary In Flextronics (HSS) 3Freshers Salary In *Google* *12.0*Freshers Salary In GE 3Freshers Salary In HCL 2Freshers Salary In Hexaware 2.1Freshers Salary In IBM 2.5Freshers Salary In Impulsesoft 4.5Freshers Salary In Interra Systems 4.6Freshers Salary In Induslogic 4.2Freshers Salary In Infosys Systems 1.8Freshers Salary In Kanbay 2.25Freshers Salary In Kritical 5.6Freshers Salary In MBT 2.5Freshers Salary In Microsoft *7.8*Freshers Salary In Mindtree 3Freshers Salary In Motorola 3.6Freshers Salary In Oracle 4.2Freshers Salary In Patni(PCS) 1.7Freshers Salary In Perot 2.5Freshers Salary In Polaris 2Freshers Salary In SAP Labs 4Freshers Salary In Samsung 4.6Freshers Salary In Satyam 2.25Freshers Salary In STM 4.5Freshers Salary In Sun Microsystems *5.0*Freshers Salary In Syntel 2.05Freshers Salary In Tata Elxsi 1.9Freshers Salary In Tavant 3.6Freshers Salary In TCS 1.8Freshers Salary In T-Mobile *8.0*Freshers Salary In Trilogy *7.5*Freshers Salary In Verizon 3Freshers Salary In Virtusa 2.4Freshers Salary In Wipro 2.1
This is not a conclusive / affirmative data. This is just provided for reading purpose., no claims, guarantees on the accuracy of the above data is given. The above data is just Copied from open forums and NOT GIVEN BY THE RESPECTIVE COMPANIES.
Posted in Tech Companies No Comments »
Will Jobs Move Back to Silicon Valley from India?November 19th, 2007
I was reading an interesting article on littleindia.com ,
“”
Cisco chairman John Chambers came to Bangalore to unveil the San Jose-based company’s $50-million campus that sprawls across 14 acres. The integrated high-tech facility is the new home for 3,000 Indian workers across R&D, IT, sales and customer support teams.
Compare this scenario with media reports over the summer that some Silicon Valley companies were starting to pull jobs back from Bangalore to the U.S. The Wall Street Journal reported that firms such as Riya of San Mateo, Kana Software of Menlo Park and Teneros of Mountain Lakes have wound up their Indian operations and are moving engineers to the U.S., largely because of frustration over rising wages for Indian engineers and difficulties in retaining them.
Cisco and Riya present contrasting faces of the offshore outsourcing business in India today. While large companies like Cisco, IBM and Accenture are expanding their operations, smaller Silicon Valley startups are finding it increasingly difficult to sustain their operations.

More on    here
Posted in Managerial No Comments »
Nice Ad by Nowrunning.comJuly 20th, 2007
I thought iam the king of SEM for days., But seems few people are better than meThe ad by nowrunning.com at youtube is really different
I was Browsing Youtube for :http://youtube.com/results?search_query=vadivel
and saw the Google adwords video ad for Kreedam movie , starring ajith., Its clearly a different approach! Congratz Guyz
For those searching for media jobs, Visit http://www.clickjobs.com to post your Resume
Posted in Outsourcing News No Comments »
Jobs in TV ?July 8th, 2007
So you are a Model and looking for Media jobs in India or acting jobs or any Jobs in TV ?
Try orkut , There are thousands of Modelling groups targetted to indians!
I have Given Some Links here:Modelling
Indian Models
Posted in Job Discussions No Comments »
Manager? What does this mean?July 8th, 2007
Its “who is a manager” or “what is a manager”,
Generally people say “Manager is what a manager does” , some say manager is someone who manages, But manages what?
Management is not about delegation, delegation is a part of management, A manager even if delegates should be having knowledge about the work that is delegated and also the work that is delegated by the person to whom the same work is delegated.
Posted in Managerial No Comments »
AMD cuts 430 jobs worldwideMay 14th, 2007
ATI buyout and competition from Intel begin to bite.
Chip giant AMD has announced 430 job cuts in its operations around the world.
With an estimated 16,000 staff worldwide, the announcement sees AMD shedding 2.6 percent of its total workforce.
The layoffs include positions in sales, marketing, administration and engineering as the company integrates ATI while continuing to compete against Intel.
A spokesman for AMD said that the measures would affect all departments in all geographies, although the job cuts are known to include about 80 employees in Austin, Texas, 40 in the firm’s Sunnyvale and Santa Clara facilities, and 50 in Markham, Ontario.
Read More
Posted in Whatz New? No Comments »
Will the Job Find me?May 1st, 2007
I see several people below 25, and astonishingly even people 25+ think them as a top qualified person and wait for a company to hire them.
There are lakhs of indians like this.,
So Are you the one who expects the job to find you?
Then You must be either having a clear vision about yourself , your quality and qualification or You must be a lazy, useless person who is a burden for your family and your sorrounding , If you belong to the former, You can wait for the job to find you, But if you belong to the latter, Dont waste anymore time, Apply for a Job at1) http://www.clickjobs.com - The No.1 Indian Jobs Site2) http://www.naukri.com3) http://www.monsterindia.com
Posted in Offtopic No Comments »
Who is a Manager?April 29th, 2007
There ar 2 types of people in Management:
1) One Who gives advice
2) One who decides based on the advice
Chanakya , The founder of Arthasasthra, Only Good Management Book I have ever read, Falls under the first category,
The Best quote i Like on This Great Man’s Words is:
“A debt should be paid off till the last penny”
If you are into management, Read only the ArthasasthraÂ
Posted in Offtopic No Comments »
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CULTURE OF INDIA

¤ Marina Beach¤ Kovalam Beach¤ Anjuna Beach¤ Varkala Beach¤ Calangute and Baga¤ North Goa Beaches¤ South Goa Beaches¤ Mumbai Beach¤ Kanyakumari Beach¤ Mahabalipuram Beach¤ Alappuzha Beach
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¤ Diwali¤ Raksha Bandhan¤ Durga Puja ¤ Dussehra¤ Holi¤ Christmas¤ Onam¤ Pushkar Fair¤ Navratri¤ Ganesh Chaturthi
Great Wilds of India¤ The Great Indian Tiger¤ Asiatic Lion¤ Indian Asian ElephantWildlife Parks¤ Kaziranga Park¤ Ranthambhore¤ Sunderbans¤ Corbett National Park¤ Bandhavgarh¤ Periyar¤ KeoladeoBird Popoulation In India
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¤ Ayurveda¤ Yoga¤ Homeopathy¤ Acupuncture¤ Herbal Healing¤ Healing Power of Fruits¤ Home Remedies¤ Mud Baths¤ Aromatherapy¤ Naturopathy
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Land of India is well embellished with the rich culture and traditions. On your cultural travel vacations in India take a culture tour in India and get to know more about Indian culture through fairs and festivals, arts and crafts, language and literature, Indian cuisine and diverse religions. Wonder at the cultural richness and artistic vision of the Rajas and craftsmen of ancient times. Indian culture well preserved in its historic cities, amazing monuments and breathtaking temples and shrines definitely going to leave a long lasting impact on its visitors.
India - Culture of India
Culture of India

India is blessed with rich culture and heritage. The culture of India is one of the oldest cultures in the world. Right from the medieval period there prevail diverse cultural diversities in form of dances, languages, religions, people, their customs, festivals. Every state of India has its own distinct cultures and has carved out its own cultural niche. In spite of so much of cultural diversities, Indian's are closely bond and makes India as a great country perhaps because of its common history. Dating back to over 5000 years old civilization, India's culture has been adorned by migrating population, which over a period got absorbed into the Indian way of life. This great Indian culture comprises of Indian music, Indian Dance, Indian cuisine, costumes and Indian Festivals.

India Pilgrimage ToursTaj HeritageCultural Tour Vacations Cultural Tour Holidays Historical Rajasthan Architectural Heritage Tour Rajasthan Forts and Palaces Tour on Delhi Rajastha Agra Golden Temple Tour Rajasthan Forts and Palaces South India Temples
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Indian art and craft has made its special place and is well renowned all over the world. The history of Indian crafts dates back to the Indus Valley Civilization. The major art and craft of India includes Indian handicrafts like paintings, sculptures, textile, jewelry, stone and woodcrafts and much more. These tradition craft have withstood the devastation of time and continue to evolve in a influential and pulsing manner.
.. Embroidery.. Ornaments & Jewellery.. Paper Crafts
.. Terracotta.. Applique Work.. Painting
More...
Enjoy the mouth-watering delicacies of Indian food. Rich and diverse Indian cuisine is simply tempting and irresistible. The North Indian, South Indian and East and West Indian Cuisine have their own flavor and specialties. Traditionally, meals are eaten while sitting on the floor with the fingers of the right hand.
.. South Indian Cuisine.. North Indian Cuisine
.. Tamil Nadu Cuisine.. Andra Pradesh Cuisine
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India is a land of many religions with its deep historical roots. It is the home to Hinduism, Buddhism, and Sikhism, and has also given adequate space to migratory religions like Islam and Christianity. Indian religion is not reachable without understanding its religious beliefs and practices, which have a large impact on the society and its people.
.. Hinduism.. Buddhism
.. Islam.. Christianity
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Indian Dance art is also one of the age-old tradition prevailing in India. Using the body as a medium of communication, Indian dance has developed as easily understood art form. Dance in India has ooze into several other zones like poetry, sculpture, architecture, literature, music and theatre.
.. Karnataka Dance.. Andhra Pradesh Dances.. Tamil Nadu Dances.. Maharashtra Dances
.. Himachal Pradesh Dances.. Haryana Dances.. Madhya Pradesh Dances
.. Assam Dances.. Manipuri Dances.. Rajasthan (Jaipur Dances).. Odissi Dance
India's history and culture is ancient and influential, stretching back to the beginning of human civilization, starting from ancient history of India to modern Indian history. Great India history dates back to 3000 BC of ancient Indus valley civilization and Harappa civilization to 1000 AD of Chola Dynasty of ancient history of India.
.. Ancient History.. Medieval History
.. Modern History.. Indian Independence
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The ancient Indian Vedic scriptures are the greatest heritage of India. The depth of these ancient texts is so immense that one can choose ones path to attain salvation as per ones spiritual proclivity. These sacred texts are evolved over a period of time, hence made the Hindu religion the most in-depth and the most reformed religion.
.. Ramayana..Bhagwadgita
.. Mahabharata.. Vedas
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One of the earliest known writing systems came from India, probably around 2500 BC. There are numerous linguistic communities prevailing in the sub-continent of India, each of which shares a common language and culture. Some Indian languages have a long literary history--Sanskrit literature is more than 5,000 years old which gave birth to other Indian languages and literatures.
.. Bengali.. Gujarati.. Hindi
.. Malayalam.. Punjabi.. Sanskrit
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HISTORY OF INDIA

HISTORY OF INDIA


An introduction to the History of India ( essay)
Ancient India
The Indus Valley Civilisation, Harrapa, Aryans and the Vedic Age ,Rise of Religions and Emergence of the State , The Gupta Age, The Southern Kingdoms, and India through the passage of time.
Medieval India

The Muslim Invasion, The Marathas, Coming of the Europeans, East India Company.
Indian Religion

INDEPENDANCE of INDIA
India's freedom struggle

WARS

List of Prime Ministers & Presidents of India


Indian Freedom Fighters

History of Indian Coins & Currencies

Biographies:

Great INDIAN Scientists, Great Poets, Great Devotees, PERSONALITIES, Great Leaders, Freedom fighters, Great Kings & Queens, Sages, Rishis & Saints
Indian History - Important events
History of India . An overview : The people of India have had a continuous civilization since 2500 B.C., when the inhabitants of the Indus River valley developed an urban culture based on commerce and sustained by agricultural trade. This civilization declined around 1500 B.C., probably due to ecological changes.
During the second millennium B.C., pastoral, Aryan-speaking tribes migrated from the northwest into the subcontinent. As they settled in the middle Ganges River valley, they adapted to antecedent cultures.
The political map of ancient and medieval India was made up of myriad kingdoms with fluctuating boundaries. In the 4th and 5th centuries A.D., northern India was unified under the Gupta Dynasty. During this period, known as India's Golden Age, Hindu culture and political administration reached new heights.
Islam spread across the Indian subcontinent over a period of 500 years. In the 10th and 11th centuries, Turks and Afghans invaded India and established sultanates in Delhi. In the early 16th century, descendants of Genghis Khan swept across the Khyber Pass and established the Mughal (Mogul) Dynasty, which lasted for 200 years. From the 11th to the 15th centuries, southern India was dominated by Hindu Chola and Vijayanagar Dynasties. During this time, the two systems--the prevailing Hindu and Muslim--mingled, leaving lasting cultural influences on each other.
The first British outpost in South Asia was established in 1619 at Surat on the northwestern coast. Later in the century, the East India Company opened permanent trading stations at Madras, Bombay, and Calcutta, each under the protection of native rulers.
The British expanded their influence from these footholds until, by the 1850s, they controlled most of present-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. In 1857, a rebellion in north India led by mutinous Indian soldiers caused the British Parliament to transfer all political power from the East India Company to the Crown. Great Britain began administering most of India directly while controlling the rest through treaties with local rulers.
In the late 1800s, the first steps were taken toward self-government in British India with the appointment of Indian councilors to advise the British viceroy and the establishment of provincial councils with Indian members; the British subsequently widened participation in legislative councils. Beginning in 1920, Indian leader Mohandas K. Gandhi transformed the Indian National Congress political party into a mass movement to campaign against British colonial rule. The party used both parliamentary and nonviolent resistance and non-cooperation to achieve independence.
On August 15, 1947, India became a dominion within the Commonwealth, with Jawaharlal Nehru as Prime Minister. Enmity between Hindus and Muslims led the British to partition British India, creating East and West Pakistan, where there were Muslim majorities. India became a republic within the Commonwealth after promulgating its constitution on January 26, 1950.
After independence, the Congress Party, the party of Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, ruled India under the influence first of Nehru and then his daughter and grandson, with the exception of two brief periods in the 1970s and 1980s.
Prime Minister Nehru governed India until his death in 1964. He was succeeded by Lal Bahadur Shastri, who also died in office. In 1966, power passed to Nehru's daughter, Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister from 1966 to 1977. In 1975, beset with deepening political and economic problems, Mrs. Gandhi declared a state of emergency and suspended many civil liberties. Seeking a mandate at the polls for her policies, she called for elections in 1977, only to be defeated by Moraji Desai, who headed the Janata Party, an amalgam of five opposition parties.
In 1979, Desai's Government crumbled. Charan Singh formed an interim government, which was followed by Mrs. Gandhi's return to power in January 1980. On October 31, 1984, Mrs. Gandhi was assassinated, and her son, Rajiv, was chosen by the Congress (I)--for "Indira"--Party to take her place. His government was brought down in 1989 by allegations of corruption and was followed by V.P. Singh and then Chandra Shekhar.
In the 1989 elections, although Rajiv Gandhi and Congress won more seats in the 1989 elections than any other single party, he was unable to form a government with a clear majority. The Janata Dal, a union of opposition parties, was able to form a government with the help of the Hindu-nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) on the right and the communists on the left. This loose coalition collapsed in November 1990, and the government was controlled for a short period by a breakaway Janata Dal group supported by Congress (I), with Chandra Shekhar as Prime Minister. That alliance also collapsed, resulting in national elections in June 1991.
On May 27, 1991, while campaigning in Tamil Nadu on behalf of Congress (I), Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated, apparently by Tamil extremists from Sri Lanka. In the elections, Congress (I) won 213 parliamentary seats and put together a coalition, returning to power under the leadership of P.V. Narasimha Rao. This Congress-led government, which served a full 5-year term, initiated a gradual process of economic liberalization and reform, which has opened the Indian economy to global trade and investment. India's domestic politics also took new shape, as traditional alignments by caste, creed, and ethnicity gave way to a plethora of small, regionally based political parties.
The final months of the Rao-led government in the spring of 1996 were marred by several major political corruption scandals, which contributed to the worst electoral performance by the Congress Party in its history. The Hindu-nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) emerged from the May 1996 national elections as the single-largest party in the Lok Sabha but without enough strength to prove a majority on the floor of that Parliament. Under Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the BJP coalition lasted in power 13 days. With all political parties wishing to avoid another round of elections, a 14-party coalition led by the Janata Dal emerged to form a government known as the United Front, under the former Chief Minister of Karnataka, H.D. Deve Gowda. His government lasted less than a year, as the leader of the Congress Party withdrew his support in March 1997. Inder Kumar Gujral replaced Deve Gowda as the consensus choice for Prime Minister of a 16-party United Front coalition.
In November 1997, the Congress Party in India again withdrew support for the United Front. New elections in February 1998 brought the BJP the largest number of seats in Parliament--182--but fell far short of a majority. On March 20, 1998, the President inaugurated a BJP-led coalition government with Vajpayee again serving as Prime Minister. On May 11 and 13, 1998, this government conducted a series of underground nuclear tests forcing U.S. President Clinton to impose economic sanctions on India pursuant to the 1994 Nuclear Proliferation Prevention Act.
In April 1999, the BJP-led coalition government fell apart, leading to fresh elections in September. The National Democratic Alliance-a new coalition led by the BJP-gained a majority to form the government with Vajpayee as Prime Minister in October 1999.





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INDIAN POETS IN INDIAN LANGUAGES

Biographical Notes On Indian Poets Writing In Various Indian Languages
--II Back II--
AssameseBengali DogriGujaratiHindiKannadaKashmiriMaithiliMalayalamManipuri
Indian Poets : An Introduction
MarathiNepaliOriyaPunjabiSindhiTamilTeluguUrdu Indian-English
India is a multilingual country. Some of the major Indian languages and languages recognised by the National Academy of Letters, India (Sahitya Akademi) are Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Prakrit, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu and Indian-English. It is chanted by some, rather reverentially, that "Indian literature is one though written in many languages" — that's also the motto of the Sahitya Akademi (National Academy of Letters). But scholars have opined that a country where so many languages coexist should be understood as a country with literatures (in the plural). Professor Amiya Dev opines, "In brief, arguments of unity in diversity are in my opinion suspect, for they encroach upon the individualities of the diverse literatures. In other words, a cultural relativist analogy is implied here, difference is underlined and corroborated by the fact that both writers and readers of particular and individual literatures are overwhelmingly concerned with their own literature and own literature only. It is from this perspective that to the Akademi's motto "Indian literature is one though written in many languages," the retort is "Indian literature is one because it is written in many languages." Till today it has not been possible for any literary scholar to talk confidently on Indian literature; because there is no one literature, but there are only Indian literatures. National literature is more than the sum of its regional parts. There is an uneven development in period and region literatures. There are gaps in the history chronology. Culture and literature are not necessarily coterminous with linguistic formation and state boundary. The other problem is determined by the narrativization of literary history. A major problem to reconstruct the concept of India as a literary area lies in the availability of literary texts in translations; Though attempts have been made by different agencies still one cannot get a comprehensive view of literatures in regional languages; that too from the Indian language into other directly without the mediation of English. It is difficult to find multilingual scholars who are well-versed in many languages of this country, because Indian literature presumes the knowledge of many languages.There are, of course, some pan-Indian traits in India's literature. But the variegated traits are much more. The status of literature is therefore not identical in respect of all Indian languages; the range of modern sensibility in poetic creativity too varies widely. Writers and readers in one language know very little of what is being written in the neighbouring linguistic area. "It is, therefore, necessary to devise methods by which Indian writers may come to know each other, cross the barriers of language and script, and appreciate the immense variety and complexity of their country's literary heritage," as it has rightly been recommended by some thinkers.Preparation of an archive of biographical data on Indian poets writing in various Indian languages is visualised in this context.Although there cannot be any sacrosanct common norms for classification, the significant Indian poets can be placed in three categories, broadly. The major figures of Indian poetry may be grouped into the first two categories ---(a) those who were born prior to 1920 annd (b) those who were born in between 1920 to 1949. In the first category, one may place Jibanananda Das (1899-1954), Mohan Singh (1905-1978), Bal Sitaram Mardhekar (1909-56), Sri Sri (1910-83), Ajneya / Agyeya (1911–1987), Baidyanath Mishra ‘Yatri’ (1911-1998), Ali Sardar Jafri (1913-2000), Akhtarul Iman (1915-96), Satchidananda Rautroy (1916-2004), Dina Nath Nadim (1916-88), Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh (1917-64), Gopalakrishna Adiga (1918-98), Vinda Karandikar (1918) and Subhas Mukhopadhyay (1919-2003). In the second category, one may include Harbhajan Singh (1920–2002), Suresh Joshi (1921-86), Nissim Ezekiel (1924-2004), B.C. Ramachandra Sharma (1925-2005), Navakanta Barua (1926-2002), Jayanta Mahapatra (b. 1928), Balraj Komal (b. 1928), Raghuvir Sahay (1929–1990), A. K. Ramanujan (1929-1993), Ayyappa Paniker (b. 1930), Sundara Ramaswamy (1931-2005), Attoor Ravi Varma (b. 1931), Sankha Ghosh (b. 1932), Arun Balkrishna Kolatkar (1932–2004), Hiren Bhattacharjya (b.1932), Shakti Chattopaddhay (1933-1995), Nilmoni Phookan (b. 1933) Kedarnath Singh (b. 1934), Ramakanta Rath (b. 1934), Sunil Gangopadhyay (b. 1934), Kamala Das (b. 1934), Chandrakant Deotale (b. 1936), Sitakant Mahapatra (b. 1937), Keki N Daruwalla (b. 1937), Abdul Rahman (b. 1937), Dom Moraes (1938-2004), Dilip Chitre (b. 1938), Bhaben Barua (b. 1941), Sitanshu Yashaschandra (b. 1941), Soubhagya Kumar Misra (b. 1941), Vasant Abaji Dahake (b.1942), Harekrishna Deka (b. 1943), Rajendra Kishore Panda (b. 1944), Surjit Patar (b. 1944), K. Satchidanandan (b. 1946) and Arvind Krishna Mehrotra (b. 1947). Labhshanker Thaker will also be in this category. However, the growth and development of Indian poetry in various Indian languages depends, to a large extent, on the creative force of the poets of the succeeding decades, those who are born in 1950s and thereafter.
Some of the already-emerged and the fast-emerging voices of Indian poetry are Bibhu Padhi (b. 1951), Meena Alexander (1951), Udaya Narayana Singh (b. 1951), Manohar Shetty (b. 1953), Rajaram Brammarajan (b. 1953), Arun Kamal (b. 1954), Joy Goswami (b.1954), Siddalingaiah (1954), Prathibha Nandakumar (1955), Anuradha Mahapatra (b. 1957), Chandrakant Shah (b. 1956), Balachandran Chullikkad (b. 1957), A. Jayaprabha (1957), Bhagirathi Mishra (b. 1958), Robin S. Ngangom (1959), Swarup Mohapatra (b. 1959), Jeet Thayil (b. 1959), Soorya Mishra (b. 1960), Rabindra K. Swain (b. 1960), Nilim Kumar (b. 1962), Sucheta Mishra (b. 1965), Hemant Divate (b.1967), Arundhathi Subramaniam (b.1967) and Manoj Kumar Meher (b. 1973). Basudev Sunani, Pabitra Mohan Dash, Anamika and several other poets (it is not necessary to palce an elaborate list) may also be placed in this category. The future of Indian poetry — in form, themes, styles, tone and temper — rests on these poets, and on their peers and successors.Biographical notes on major Indian poets and on other eminent and emerging poets of India are placed in this archive. All Indian languages (except Bodo, Prakrit, Sanskrit and Santhali) have been covered. The archive can never claim to be complete. It will be our endeavour to update it continually. It is possible that some factual errors might have crept into the database which has been built up on the basis of information gathered from multiple sources. The errors will be corrected as and when we receive further information.
Indian Poetry in English Translation : GoogleSearch
Note of acknowledgement : The image displayed in this page is an artwork named 'Untitled' (Medium acrylic on canvas board, Year : 1984) by Gulam Rasool Santosh (1929-97), an eminent painter and Kashmiri poet.
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